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Temporary certificate

With this certificate, people must first pay the full amount of the cost for the medical treatment they receive at hospitals and clinics, and later can receive a 70-percent refund. However, most of the refund money will be collected as late payments of national health insurance premiums.

Temporary staffing

It is a system in which a staffing agency leases workers to companies. Contract work is a system in which workers, independent of a company's administration, complete a specific work task ordered by the company. An increasing number of companies use temporary and contract workers at low wages as a disposable workforce without full labor rights.Staffing services had been prohibited since the end of World War II on the grounds that employers' responsibilities become very vague and that workers are put in an extremely vulnerable position. However, the Temporary Workers Law, which was enacted in 1986 due to pressure from business circles, softened the ban. Since then, this law has been repeatedly revised. In 2004, the adversely revised law totally removed the ban on the use of temporary workers in the manufacturing industry. Only the JCP has consistently opposed successive adverse revisions.

Tsushima-Maru tragedy

The ship, called Tsushima-Maru, carrying 1,788 passengers from Okinawa to Nagasaki on August 22, 1944 was hit by torpedoes from a U.S. submarine and sunk off Kagoshima. This accident claimed the lives of 1,418 people, including many elementary school students. This trip was arranged by the national government, which was preparing battles in Okinawa. The state wanted women, children, and the elderly to leave the islands as they were considered to be obstacles in battles and also consumers of food needed for Japanese troops.


 
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